Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a condition in which pupils respond differently to light stimuli shone in one eye at a time. This response is due to unilateral or asymmetrical disease …

Feb 25, 2024 · There are different ways to classify RAPD. Sometimes, professionals refer to a clinical grading system ranging from one to five based on how much your pupil contracts or …

Feb 4, 2025 · Marcus Gunn pupil, also referred to as a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD), is a rare condition in which an individual’s response to light is different than expected in only one eye.

In summary, patients presenting with eye pain or unilateral vision loss need a careful pupillary exam, looking for an RAPD. If present, this typically localizes to the optic nerve, though …

Jun 6, 2023 · RAPD is typically an indication of unilateral or asymmetric damage to the retina, optic nerve, or optic tract. It is essentially a game of imbalance, where one side's visual signals …

Oct 22, 2025 · A relative afferent pupillary defect, also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil, is a condition where there is a difference in pupil response when light is shone in each eye. This …

Aug 15, 2022 · While RAPD on its own is not dangerous, it is often a sign of a serious disorder of the retina, optic nerve or brain. If undiagnosed, these underlying causes may lead to …

Nov 6, 2025 · A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil, is a clinical sign generally indicating dysfunction in the retinotectal tract unilaterally, most …

The ‘swinging light test’ is used to detect a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD): a means of detecting differences between the two eyes in how they respond to a light shone in one eye at …

A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon …