Background: Observational studies that examine the comparative effectiveness of healthcare services often face challenges in controlling for confounding by indication. This study examines whether ...

Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand Correspondence to: Dr T Blakely Department of Public Health, Wellington ...

I know that I’m supposed to look to Jesus for the answers. I was that kid in Sunday school who, when asked just about any question, would blurt out, “Jesus?” as my answer. When I mull over matters of ...

Your browser does not support the audio element. Let’s say a group of researchers, or data scientists discover that the mortality rate in Florida is 20 deaths out ...

Pull up the National Hurricane Center's daily map this week and you’ll see that no tropical cyclone activity is expected within the next seven days as the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season kicks off on ...

“The Four Seasons” on Netflix might be one of the more confounding examples of Hollywood’s preoccupation with treating any preexisting film or show as intellectual property in need of a remake. The ...

“The Four Seasons” on Netflix might be one of the more confounding examples of Hollywood’s preoccupation with treating any preexisting film or show as intellectual property in need of a remake. The ...

The epidemiological concept of confounding has had a convoluted history. It was first expressed as an issue of group non-comparability, later as an uncontrolled fallacy, then as a controllable fallacy ...