Complex housing refers to environments that offer diverse and stimulating conditions intended to promote and enhance holistic cognitive and physical development, alongside the benefits of social ...

New research shows that the majority of gene changes in the brain caused by lead can be reversed by raising animals in stimulating environments. Lead exposure in early childhood can lead to severe ...

Mice raised in enriched environments show improved learning and memory driven by sustained activation of the transcription factor AP-1, the molecular ‘switch’ that converts early-life experiences into ...