Inverse problems in fractional differential equations encompass the challenging task of deducing unknown parameters, source terms or initial conditions from observed data in systems governed by ...
An equation is a mathematical statement showing that two expressions are equal. The two expressions are linked with an equals symbol (=). The unknown variable (often the letter \(x\)) can take any ...
In the context of inverse problems, a mathematical model of the measurements is called the direct problem. To understand this term, let us consider a model for obstetric sonography. An ultrasonic ...
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